Showing posts with label swf10. Show all posts
Showing posts with label swf10. Show all posts

Saturday, October 02, 2010

促成協作、成就大規模變革

打包「社創」發展新思維
阮耀啟
筆者在今年四月出席了一年一度於牛津大學校園舉行的論壇Skoll World Forum on Social Entrepreneurship,此一由Skoll Foundation主辦的論壇主要目的是要讓全球的社會創業家(social entrepreneurs) 及其他支援「社創」(social entrepreneurship) 的個人及團體聚首一堂,分享經驗,並同時探討全球各地人民所面對的挑戰並尋找解決難題的新路徑。

今年論壇的主題是Catalysing Collaboration for Large Scale Change,或可翻譯為「促成協作、成就大規模變革」,當中的意思就是要不同界別的持份者積極投入參與,携手就共同關注的議題合力創造出根本而又大規模的社會變革;這些不同界別的持份者可以是來自政府、商界,以及民間社會,而所處理的可以是個別地區在地的發展議題,又或是跨國界人民共同面對的挑戰,如水資源不足、跨境環保協作、災害救援及重建、改善落後地區人權狀況、以至全球人類安全等。

這麼一個關於跨界別協作的主題當然並不算太特別,就算是我們的特區政府及作風保守的商界,近年都會大談跨界別合作;而又由於筆者對論壇的一些題目如災害救援、跨境環保協作等缺乏相關的知識和經驗,於是在三天會議當中,筆者就將著眼點放於兩方面:(一) 多方協作如何能擺脫空談達致實質成效?及(二) 如何以社創精神推動大規模的社會變革?從社會科學的觀點來看,第一點是屬於「集體行為」(collective action) 的研究範疇,而第二點就與「擴效」(scale-up) 的討論相關。

從這兩點出發,論壇中好些題目和講者的分享,就會跟目前香港一些社會創業家的工作及整體社創的發展變得息息相關;筆者嘗試將論壇中的一些感想和得到的啓發「打包」紀錄如下:

1. 中介組織可發揮重大作用:多方協作要產生實質成效,一些推動社創發展的中介組織可謂不可或缺,在論壇中最佳的例子就是Skoll Foundation本身;作為一個跨國界推動社創發展的组織,Skoll Foundation會透過同時支援多個國家的社會創業家及其他在地組織者一起應對共同議題(如影響南美多國亞馬遜雨林的保育) 。在香港以至國內,近年推動社創及社企的中介組織都相繼成立,三十會屬下的香港社會創投基金及在國內多個大城市已成立支部的NPI「恩派」公益組織孵化器都是很好的例子。

2. 利用社會創業家的人際網絡:若然一些協作網絡是完全依賴政府或捐款者由上而下建立起來,這樣而形成的協作關係大都會失敗告終。Skoll Foundation的經驗告訴我們,成功的跨界別協作往往需要依賴個別社會創業家本身的人際網絡,以及不同持份者對他/她的信任,令到協作網絡同時也可以由下而上的組織起來。目前本港是由民政事務局轄下的社會企業咨詢委員會牽頭推動社企及社創的發展,該委員會有必要思考如何擺脫政府一貫由上而下的思考模式,讓民間的社會創業家能夠有足夠的空間及能量建構出更多不同類型的協作網絡。

3. 視不同持份者為共同生產者:這一見解跟由下而上的組織論述一脈相承,就是要將受助社群和其他服務參與者視為共同生產者(co-producer) 。例如社企要提供服務往往缺乏人力資源,但若然能做到由一組受助社群替另一組受助社群提供服務,如在印度一些城市透過訓練街童以服務其他街童,就可以做到既將服務成本降低,又能將受助社群擁有的在地智慧直接引入服務當中。又例如公平貿易及有助支援社企發展的良心消費運動,當市民每一次購買產品或接受服務時,他們其實也是「公平貿易」和「良心消費」這些「公益」的共同生產者,這些有助推動社企擴效的另類消費文化的形成及再生產,是有賴公衆積極參與及扮演共同生產者的角色。

4. 反轉公營服務私有化的模式:世界各地都有政府將公營服務私有化的例子,但之後往往都衍生很多問題(如大家所熟悉的領滙) 。一些社會創業家則反其道而行,他們看到一些本應是屬於政府責任範圍內的公營服務有嚴重缺憾(如服務嚴重不足或服務手法過於笨拙),於是就以截然不同方法提供服務滿足部份需求,提供良好的範例,最後再爭取相關公營部門將未有善用的政府資源改為購買社企的服務,以實現擴效;一個有趣的例子就是一對騎電單車遊歷非洲的夫婦所創辦的組織Riders For Health,他們看到很多村落因交通不便以至醫療人員無法到達,而大量由政府購買或是由公益機構捐贈的醫療電單車卻因維修不善而棄置於車房,於是他們夫婦二人就運用他們對越野電單車的豐富知識,成立醫療電單車隊幫助當地政府及醫療組織做到更頻密的去探訪偏遠鄉村的居民;由於醫療效果得到大大提升,多國政府之後都向這一所社企購買服務。

社創的基本任務,是要在不同範疇為社會帶來富革命性而正面的改變,然而九七回歸以來,香港社創的發展可算是重重困難,各個界別都充塞著抱殘守缺、寄望一切如舊的思維,縱使經歷了兩次金融風暴及沙士的洗禮,每次危機過後大家都寄望香港會變回從前那老舊的經濟都市。十多年來原地踏步的其實並不止於政制發展,在社會、文化及經濟各個層面,希望維持現狀business as usual的大有人在;另一方面,由政府帶頭推動的社會改革,大都虎頭蛇尾或嚴重失焦,市民都怨聲再道而變得更害怕轉變。這一屆Skoll World Forum正正點出我們是很難單憑個人或單一界別的力量去推進社會變革;唯有推動具果效的跨界別協作及掌握能幫助實現擴效的各種機制,我們才有機會通過民間力量為社會帶來改變與進步。

Friday, June 11, 2010

Conference report: Skoll World Forum 2010

Alejandro Litovsky
1 June 2010
Alliance magazine
Can a single social entrepreneur make a dent in the problems we face, given their phenomenal scale? This was one of the questions addressed by the 7th Skoll World Forum held at Oxford's Saïd Business School from 14 to 16 April. The simple answer is: very unlikely. So a series of plenary sessions and workshops brought together entrepreneurs with representatives of government, media, large companies and financial institutions to explore how the solutions proposed by social entrepreneurs could create larger-scale change.

Let me pick out two personal highlights from the sessions. First day: in 『Structuring Collaboration: Mergers, Partnerships and New Business Models', entrepreneurs talked about how their networks, which provide access to health and water, are beginning to interact with government delivery infrastructures. I was fascinated to hear Gary White, executive director of Water.org, who said that more people in Africa have access to mobile phones than to safe drinking water, beginning to ask how they could tap into the mobile network to improve delivery of water. The idea that infrastructures created in parallel silos could be thought of as linked and mutually supportive was definitely a highlight.

A session the following day, 『Oceans in Peril', looked at the alarming depletion of marine life by over-fishing. Particularly arresting was the very immediate and moving way the discussion was illuminated when Jake Eberts, an independent film producer, showed a preview of the new movie Oceans and created a direct emotional connection between the people in the room and the life of the ocean.

Behind the film is Participant Productions, Jeff Skoll's film production company, known for the production of the award-winning An Inconvenient Truth.

The session continued, but one could only wonder whether the key to unlock system change would rather lie in becoming ever more effective at manipulating mass media infrastructures to mobilize emotions on a large scale.

For more information
www.skollworldforum.com

Source: Alliance Magazine

Wednesday, April 14, 2010

SWF2010 - Catalysing Collaboration

The theme of this year's Skoll World Forum is Catalysing Collaboration.

It seems straightforward that the fundamental reason for catalysing collaboration is for achieving greater scale in our effort to tackle the world's most difficult problems. But what kinds of collaborations are good collaborations?

When I was a student in grad school, I was taught the purpose of forging collaboration - be it across many different organizations in the same sector or across sectors - is to achieve synergy. The US Sociologist Peter Evans once suggests that there are two basic components of synergy, viz.: Complementarity and Embeddedness, and it is important to note that the two components might not work well along with one another. [Think about the big debate about Hong Kong's economic integration with China for achieving, you know, synergy... while we're definitely strengthening embeddedness, a lot of criticisms is about Hong Kong losing its distinctiveness - hence its complementarity - vis-a-vis China.] I would like to see if the speakers in the Skoll forum will address this issue on complementarity vs. embeddedness as manifested in the domain of social entrepreneurship theories and practices.

Other related themes that I would like to explore and write about after the Forum include, inter alia: the role of intermediaries [Skoll Foundation is itself a SE-supporting intermediary organization], the networking opportunities provided by the Forum [Personally I'm not a good networking person in the conference setting...], the meaning of "market" in catalysing social impact [Are we just part of the big neo-liberal project of capitalist globalization?], and lessons for Hong Kong and China to learn through the personal stories of this year's winners of the Skoll Awards for Social Entrepreneurship.

Day 1 of SWF2010 - Ready to roll!

SWF2010 - Drayton on Collaborative Entrepreneurship

There're so many great sessions in the Skoll World Forum... I eagerly look forward to this Collect and Collaborate session hosted by Bill Drayton of Ashoka (but then I have to give up another session I already pencil-marked...)

*****************************************

From: William Drayton

Sent: 04/13/2010

Dear Colleagues,

I am greatly looking forward to tomorrow's start to what will be an exciting and engaging Skoll World Forum. As you think ahead for the numerous events taking place in Oxford during this time, let me personally invite you to the Connect & Collaborate session I will be hosting on Thursday at 11am. The conversation will focus on Ashoka’s learnings regarding collaborative entrepreneurship and its role in advancing major social change around the world.

As you think about the concepts of collaborative entrepreneurship and prepare for our conversation, I hope you will find the following two pieces to be helpful.

http://whatmatters.mckinseydigital.com/social_entrepreneurs/tipping-the-world-the-power-of-collaborative-entrepreneurship

http://ashoka.org/sites/ashoka/files/VCE-Empathy_Booklet.pdf

Come with questions, challenges, and ideas to tip the world.

With great admiration for all you are doing.

Cheers!,
Bill

2010 Skoll World Forum

Collaboration. Talent. Impact. Welcome to the 2010 Skoll World Forum!

**************

News on The Edge
Welcome to the Social Edge update!

The 2010 Skoll World Forum is taking place this week at the University of Oxford. Our team of 30 bloggers will be reporting on every session, so start following us on Twitter now, then check in often on Social Edge and find out what leading social entrepreneurs are talking about.

But first, you should check our vibrant discussions on collaboration, talent and impact, three topics that will be addressed extensively at Oxford.

Collaboration: Should you merge two similar programs to increase social impact while reducing operation costs, or partner with other sectors --government, banks, customers-- to provide a coherent approach to a tricky cross-sector problem?

Charles (Hipbone) Cameron looks into how social entrepreneurs should structure their collaborative efforts to increase social return.

Talent: Yvette Alberdingk Thijm and Pari Jhaveri highlight the importance of succession planning. Will your organization be ready when you realize that it is time for you to move on, or if something unexpected happens to your leadership team?

Now is the time to think about the way your departure will affect your organization's ability to continue to create change, and to start cultivating talent for leadership roles.

Impact: Lakshmi Karan, the Skoll Foundation's Director of Impact Assessment and Learning, reviews the way we are evaluating impact.

She wonders whether we should take the process to the level of issue-driven ecosystems, and looks at the collaborative impact of multiple grantees working together around a common goal in a cluster approach.

Collaboration. Talent. Impact. Welcome to the 2010 Skoll World Forum!

Saturday, April 03, 2010

Shanghai, then Oxford

Will attend the Skoll World Forum 2010 (April 14th-16th) after a short trip to Shanghai (April 7th-10th) to get myself updated of the latest SE development in the economic capital of China.

While Shanghai will host the World Expo this year, it's still hard to imagine a major SE world forum could be organized (or "meaningfully organized" to be correct) in Shanghai or other major cities in China in the foreseeable future, given the present political atmosphere of this country...

Shanghai SE Visit April 8-10

4月8日-4月10日 参访安排

4月8日
10:00-12:00 NPI参访
12:00-14:00 午餐
14:00-16:00 小型分享会(与5家NPI被孵化机构,具有一定的社会企业性质)
16:00-17:00 参访新耕工坊(总部)

4月9日
9:30-11:00 新耕工坊(自渔自乐项目)
12:00-13:00 午餐
13:00-14:30 参访彩虹女工坊-编制希望项目(三林世博家园市民中心)
15:00-16:00 参访彩虹女工坊-彩虹泡泡项目(上纲街道残障人士服务中心)

4月10日
9:30-11:00 北京农家女文化发展中心—上海农家女家政工合作社
12:00-13:00 午餐
13:30-15:00 I派社区影像计划之—爱拍爱社区项目